Top 10 Android Vulnerability Scanning Tools for Penetration Testers

Android security has become paramount in this era when smartphones dominate our digital lives. With over 2.5 billion active Android devices worldwide, the platform presents an attractive target for cybercriminals. As threats evolve, so must our defenses. This is where Android vulnerability scanning tools for penetration testers come into play—essential tools for identifying and mitigating potential security weaknesses in Android devices. Let’s dive into the world of these powerful tools, the unsung heroes in the battle against mobile security breaches.

But with many options available, how do penetration testers choose the right tools for the job? The stakes are high, and the wrong choice could mean the difference between detecting a critical vulnerability and leaving a system exposed. This is where our curated list of Top 10 Android Vulnerability Scanning Tools for penetration testers comes into play. From the versatile OWASP ZAP to the powerful Frida, we’ll explore the cream of the crop in mobile security testing.

Join us as we delve into the intricacies of Android vulnerability scanning, uncover the criteria for selecting the best tools, and examine each scanner’s unique capabilities. Whether you’re a seasoned penetration tester or just starting in the field, this guide will equip you with the knowledge to fortify Android defenses and stay one step ahead of potential threats.

Understanding Android Vulnerability Scanning

Importance of vulnerability scanning in Android

Android vulnerability scanning plays a crucial role in ensuring the security and integrity of mobile applications. As Android devices continue to dominate the global smartphone market, they become increasingly attractive targets for cybercriminals. Vulnerability scanning helps developers and security professionals identify potential weaknesses in Android applications before malicious actors can exploit them. The importance of vulnerability scanning includes but is not limited to the following:

• Proactive security approach
• Early detection of vulnerabilities
• Compliance with security standards
• Protection of sensitive user data

Key features of effective scanning tools

Effective Android vulnerability scanning tools possess several essential features that enable thorough and efficient security assessments. These features contribute to the overall effectiveness of the scanning process and help penetration testers accurately identify potential security risks.

Benefits for Penetration Testers

Android vulnerability scanning tools offer numerous benefits to penetration testers. They enhance their ability to identify and address security weaknesses effectively, streamline the testing process, and provide valuable insights into potential vulnerabilities within Android applications.

• Increased efficiency: Automated scanning tools significantly reduce the time required to identify vulnerabilities, allowing testers to focus on more complex security issues.
• Comprehensive coverage: Scanning tools can analyze various aspects of an application, including code, network communications, and data storage, ensuring a thorough assessment.
• Consistency in testing: Automated tools apply consistent scanning methodologies, reducing the likelihood of human error and ensuring repeatable results.
• Early detection of critical vulnerabilities: By identifying security flaws early in the development process, testers can help developers address issues before they become more challenging and costly to fix.
• Enhanced reporting capabilities: Many scanning tools generate detailed reports, making it easier for testers to communicate findings to developers and stakeholders.
• Continuous monitoring: Some tools allow for ongoing scanning, enabling testers to identify new vulnerabilities as applications evolve and update.

By leveraging these powerful Android vulnerability scanning tools, penetration testers can significantly improve their ability to identify and mitigate security risks in mobile applications. This proactive approach to security helps ensure that Android applications remain resilient against potential threats and protect users’ sensitive information.

Criteria for Selecting Android Vulnerability Scanners

Several key factors should be considered when choosing the right Android vulnerability scanning tool for penetration testing. These criteria will help ensure that the selected tool meets the specific needs of your security assessment project.

Scanning capabilities

The scanning capabilities of an Android vulnerability scanner are paramount to its effectiveness. A robust tool should:

• Detect a wide range of vulnerabilities, including OWASP Mobile Top 10 risks
• Support both static and dynamic analysis of APK files
• Perform deep code inspection to identify security flaws
• Offer customizable scanning rules to adapt to specific security requirements

Here’s a comparison of scanning capabilities across different tools:

User interface and ease of use

A vulnerability scanner’s user interface and overall usability can significantly impact productivity. Key aspects to consider include:

• Intuitive dashboard for a quick overview of scan results
• Easy navigation between different scanning modules
• Clear visualization of vulnerabilities and their severity
• Straightforward process for initiating and configuring scans

Reporting and analysis features

Comprehensive reporting and analysis capabilities are crucial for effectively communicating findings and prioritizing remediation efforts. Look for tools that offer:

• Detailed vulnerability descriptions and remediation suggestions
• Customizable report templates for different stakeholders
• Export options in various formats (PDF, HTML, CSV)
• Trend analysis to track security improvements over time

Integration with other security tools

The ability to integrate with other security tools and workflows can enhance the overall effectiveness of your penetration testing process. Consider scanners that provide:

• API access for automation and integration with CI/CD pipelines
• Compatibility with popular bug-tracking and project-management tools
• Export capabilities to feed results into other security information and event management (SIEM) systems
• Support for collaborative features to facilitate team-based assessments

When evaluating Android vulnerability scanning tools, it is essential to weigh these criteria against your specific project requirements and organizational needs. By carefully considering scanning capabilities, user interface, reporting features, and integration options, you can select a tool that effectively identifies vulnerabilities and streamlines your overall security assessment process.

As we move forward, we’ll explore some of the top Android vulnerability scanning tools that excel in these areas, starting with the widely used OWASP ZAP (Zed Attack Proxy).

OWASP ZAP (Zed Attack Proxy)

Overview and Key Features

OWASP ZAP (Zed Attack Proxy) is a powerful, open-source web application security scanner that has gained significant popularity among penetration testers and security professionals. While primarily known for web application testing, ZAP has evolved to include robust capabilities for Android vulnerability scanning.

Key features of OWASP ZAP include:

• Active and passive scanning
• Intercepting proxy
• Automated and manual penetration testing
• REST API for integration with CI/CD pipelines
• Extensibility through add-ons and scripts

Android-specific Scanning Capabilities

When it comes to Android vulnerability scanning, OWASP ZAP offers several specialized features:

• Mobile Application Analysis: ZAP can intercept and analyze traffic between mobile applications and backend servers, allowing testers to identify potential vulnerabilities in API communications.
• SSL Certificate Handling: ZAP can generate and install custom SSL certificates on Android devices, enabling the interception and analysis of HTTPS traffic.
• Android Debug Bridge (ADB) Integration: ZAP can leverage ADB to automate certain testing processes on Android devices or emulators.
• Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST): ZAP can perform DAST on Android applications, identifying runtime vulnerabilities that may not be apparent through static analysis alone.

Advantages for Penetration Testers

OWASP ZAP offers several advantages that make it an essential tool for penetration testers working with Android applications:

• Comprehensive Scanning: ZAP’s ability to perform both active and passive scanning thoroughly assesses Android application security.
• Customization and Extensibility: Penetration testers can tailor ZAP to their specific needs through custom scripts and add-ons, enhancing its effectiveness for Android-specific scenarios.
• Integration with Development Workflows: ZAP’s API allows seamless integration into continuous integration and deployment pipelines, enabling regular security assessments throughout the development lifecycle.
• Community Support: As an OWASP project, ZAP benefits from a large, active community that continually contributes to its development and provides support.
• Cost-effectiveness: ZAP is open-source and free to use, offering a high-quality scanning solution without the financial burden of commercial tools.

Here’s a comparison of OWASP ZAP with other popular Android vulnerability scanning tools:

OWASP ZAP’s versatility and Android-specific capabilities make it an indispensable tool for penetration testers focused on mobile application security. Its ability to integrate with existing workflows and adapt to evolving security challenges positions it as a top choice among Android vulnerability scanning tools. As we explore other tools in this list, you’ll see how ZAP’s features compare and complement those of other specialized Android security scanners.

Drozer

Comprehensive Android Security Assessment

Drozer provides penetration testers with a robust platform for conducting thorough security assessments of Android applications and devices. Its capabilities extend beyond simple vulnerability scanning, offering a holistic approach to identifying and exploiting potential weaknesses in the Android ecosystem.

Key features of Drozer’s comprehensive assessment include:

• Application analysis
• Inter-process communication (IPC) endpoint discovery
• Content provider enumeration
• Service interaction testing
• Broadcast receiver analysis

Exploiting Vulnerabilities in Apps and Devices

One of Drozer’s standout features is its ability to identify vulnerabilities and exploit them actively. This capability allows penetration testers to demonstrate the real-world impact of security flaws, providing concrete evidence of potential risks.

Drozer’s exploitation capabilities include:

• Crafting and sending malicious intents
• Exploiting exposed content providers
• Leveraging unprotected services
• Bypassing insufficient permission checks
• Executing arbitrary code through various attack vectors

Using these exploitation techniques, testers can validate vulnerabilities and assess their potential impact on the target application or device.

Command-Line Interface Benefits

Drozer’s command-line interface (CLI) offers several advantages for experienced penetration testers:

• Efficiency: The CLI allows for rapid execution of commands and scripts, streamlining the testing process.
• Automation: Testers can easily create and run custom scripts to automate repetitive tasks.
• Flexibility: The command-line environment provides greater control over testing parameters and execution flow.
• Integration: Drozer’s CLI can be easily integrated into existing testing workflows and pipelines.
• Remote testing: The command-line interface facilitates remote testing scenarios, allowing testers to assess devices and applications from a distance.

Drozer’s powerful features and flexible interface make it an indispensable tool for Android security professionals. Its ability to conduct comprehensive assessments, exploit vulnerabilities, and offer an efficient command-line interface positions it as a top choice among Android vulnerability scanning tools.

Mobsf (Mobile Security Framework)

Static and Dynamic Analysis Capabilities

MobSF offers static and dynamic analysis capabilities, making it a versatile tool for Android vulnerability scanning.

Static Analysis

MobSF’s static analysis examines the APK file without executing the application. It provides:

• Source code analysis
• Manifest analysis
• Certificate analysis
• Permission analysis
• API hooking detection

Dynamic Analysis

The dynamic analysis feature allows testers to interact with the app in real time, revealing the following:

• Runtime behavior
• Network traffic analysis
• API call monitoring
• File system changes

Automated Vulnerability Detection

MobSF excels in automated vulnerability detection, streamlining the security testing process:

• Identifies common mobile app vulnerabilities
• Detects insecure data storage
• Highlights potential API misuse
• Flags inadequate encryption practices
• Recognizes hardcoded secrets and API keys

The tool generates detailed reports, prioritizes vulnerabilities based on severity, and helps penetration testers focus on critical issues first.

Integration with CI/CD Pipelines

One of MobSF’s standout features is its seamless integration with Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines:

• Jenkins Integration: MobSF can be easily integrated into Jenkins workflows.
• REST API Support: Allows for easy automation and integration with other tools.
• Docker Support: Facilitates consistent testing environments across different stages of development.

By integrating MobSF into CI/CD pipelines, teams can:

• Automate security testing
• Catch vulnerabilities early in the development cycle
• Ensure consistent security checks across builds
• Generate reports for each build, tracking security improvements over time

This integration capability makes MobSF an invaluable tool for organizations adopting DevSecOps practices, ensuring that security is baked into the development process.

Qark (Quick Android Review Kit)

Source code and APK analysis

Qark stands out for its ability to analyze source code and compiled APK files. This dual functionality makes it an invaluable tool for penetration testers who may encounter various scenarios during their assessments. Here’s a breakdown of Qark’s analysis capabilities:

Detecting security issues in Android apps

Qark excels at identifying various security issues commonly found in Android applications. Some of the key areas it focuses on include:

• Insecure data storage
• Weak cryptographic implementations
• Improper permission handling
• Vulnerable inter-component communication
• SQL injection vulnerabilities
• Potential binary planting issues

The tool provides detailed reports on discovered vulnerabilities, including severity ratings and recommendations for remediation. This comprehensive approach helps penetration testers quickly identify and prioritize security risks in Android applications.

Customizable scanning rules

One of Qark’s most powerful features is its ability to customize scanning rules. This flexibility allows security professionals to tailor the tool to their needs and adapt to evolving security landscapes. Key aspects of Qark’s customization include:

• Rule creation: Users can define new rules to detect specific vulnerabilities or patterns.
• Rule modification: Existing rules can be adjusted to reduce false positives or focus on particular areas of concern.
• Rule prioritization: Scanning rules can be prioritized to align with organizational security policies or industry-specific requirements.

To leverage Qark’s customizable scanning rules effectively, consider the following best practices:

• Regularly update custom rules to address new Android security threats
• Collaborate with development teams to create rules that align with secure coding practices
• Use version control to manage and track changes to custom scanning rules

Penetration testers can significantly enhance their Android vulnerability scanning processes by utilizing Qark’s powerful source code and APK analysis capabilities, comprehensive security issue detection, and customizable scanning rules.

AndroBugs Framework

AndroBugs Framework is a powerful and efficient tool for scanning Android vulnerabilities. It is particularly suited for large-scale assessments and critical security issue detection. This open-source security scanner offers command-line and graphical user interface options, making it versatile for various penetration testing scenarios.

Large-scale vulnerability scanning

AndroBugs Framework excels in conducting comprehensive scans across multiple Android applications simultaneously. This capability is particularly valuable for:

• Enterprise-level security assessments
• App Store security audits
• Bulk analysis of Android packages (APKs)

The framework’s architecture allows for parallel processing, significantly reducing the time required for large-scale vulnerability assessments. This efficiency is crucial for organizations dealing with numerous Android applications or frequently updating their app portfolio.

Detecting critical security issues

AndroBugs Framework is designed to identify various security vulnerabilities in Android applications, focusing on critical issues that pose significant risks. Some key areas of detection include:

• Insecure data storage
• Weak cryptographic implementations
• Improper permission handling
• Potential code injection vulnerabilities
• Insecure network communications

The tool employs advanced static analysis techniques to examine APK files without the need for source code access. This approach allows penetration testers to:

• Identify vulnerabilities in third-party applications
• Assess the security posture of closed-source Android apps
• Discover potential attack vectors in proprietary software

Command-line and GUI options

AndroBugs Framework caters to different user preferences and operational requirements by offering both command-line interface (CLI) and graphical user interface (GUI) options:

Command-line interface

The CLI version of AndroBugs is ideal for:

• Integration into automated testing pipelines
• Scripting and batch processing
• Experienced penetration testers who prefer terminal-based tools

Key advantages of the CLI:

• Lightweight and resource-efficient
• Suitable for headless environments
• Easy to incorporate into custom security workflows

Graphical user interface

The GUI option provides a more user-friendly experience, particularly beneficial for:

• Less technical team members
• Visual representation of scan results
• Easier navigation through complex vulnerability reports

GUI benefits include:

• Intuitive vulnerability visualization
• Interactive result filtering and sorting
• Simplified report generation and export options

By offering CLI and GUI options, AndroBugs Framework ensures flexibility and accessibility for a wide range of users, from seasoned security professionals to those new to Android vulnerability scanning.

Appie

All-in-one mobile pentesting tool

Appie is a versatile and robust platform designed specifically for mobile application security testing. This tool combines multiple functionalities, making it an efficient choice for penetration testers who must thoroughly assess Android applications. Appie’s integrated approach allows testers to streamline their workflow by providing a single interface for various testing tasks, from initial reconnaissance to exploitation.

Some key features that make Appie an all-in-one solution include:

• Static and dynamic analysis capabilities
• Network traffic interception and manipulation
• Automated vulnerability scanning
• Reverse engineering tools
• Malware analysis functions

Built-in exploits and payloads

One of Appie’s most significant advantages is its extensive library of pre-configured exploits and payloads. This feature significantly reduces the time and effort required to test for common vulnerabilities in Android applications. The built-in arsenal includes:

• SQL injection payloads
• Cross-site scripting (XSS) vectors
• Remote code execution exploits
• Authentication bypass techniques
• File inclusion vulnerabilities

Penetration testers can leverage these ready-to-use exploits to quickly identify and demonstrate security weaknesses in target applications. The following table illustrates some common vulnerabilities and the corresponding exploits available in Appie:

Customization options for advanced users

While Appie provides an extensive set of pre-configured tools, it also caters to advanced users who require more control over their testing environment. The tool offers customization options, allowing experienced penetration testers to tailor their approach and create bespoke testing scenarios.

Some of the customization features include:

• Custom payload creation: Users can develop and integrate their payloads to test for specific vulnerabilities or exploit unique application behaviors.
• Scripting support: Appie allows testers to write custom scripts to automate complex testing procedures or extend the tool’s functionality.
• Plugin architecture: Advanced users can develop and integrate plugins to add new features or enhance existing capabilities.
• Reporting templates: Testers can create custom reporting templates to align with their organization’s requirements or client preferences.
• Configuration profiles: Users can save and load different configuration profiles for testing scenarios or target applications.

These customization options make Appie a flexible and adaptable tool that can evolve with the changing landscape of Android security and the specific needs of penetration testers.

Burp Suite Mobile Assistant

Intercepting and Modifying Mobile Traffic

Burp Suite Mobile Assistant intercepts and modifies mobile traffic, providing penetration testers unparalleled visibility into app communications. This capability is crucial for identifying potential vulnerabilities in data transmission and API interactions.

Key features for traffic interception include:

• Real-time traffic capture
• Request and response modification
• WebSocket support
• Custom header injection

SSL pinning bypass capabilities

One of the most valuable features of Burp Suite Mobile Assistant is its ability to bypass SSL pinning. While beneficial for app protection, this security mechanism can hinder penetration testing efforts. The assistant provides:

• Automated SSL pinning detection
• Dynamic certificate installation
• Custom root CA integration
• Frida-based hooking for advanced bypasses

By overcoming SSL pinning, testers can inspect encrypted traffic and identify potential vulnerabilities that would otherwise remain hidden.

Integration with Burp Suite for comprehensive testing

Burp Suite Mobile Assistant seamlessly integrates with the main Burp Suite platform, offering a comprehensive mobile application testing environment. This integration allows for:

• Synchronized proxy settings
• Shared issue tracking
• Collaborative testing workflows
• Consistent reporting across mobile and web applications

The tight integration enables penetration testers to leverage Burp Suite’s powerful web application testing features alongside mobile-specific capabilities, resulting in more thorough and efficient security assessments.

To maximize the effectiveness of Burp Suite Mobile Assistant, consider the following best practices:

• Configure device proxy settings correctly
• Install and trust the Burp Suite CA certificate
• Utilize the built-in app vulnerability scanner
• Combine with manual testing for comprehensive results

By incorporating Burp Suite Mobile Assistant into your Android vulnerability scanning toolkit, you’ll significantly enhance your ability to identify and exploit security weaknesses in mobile applications.

Frida

Frida stands out as a powerful dynamic instrumentation toolkit for Android vulnerability scanning. This versatile tool empowers penetration testers to analyze and modify Android applications in real-time, offering unparalleled flexibility for advanced security testing.

Dynamic Instrumentation Toolkit

Frida’s dynamic nature sets it apart from static analysis tools. It allows testers to inject custom scripts into black-boxed processes, enabling them to:

• Hook into function calls
• Modify return values
• Inspect and alter memory contents
• Override system APIs

This dynamic approach provides a deeper understanding of an application’s behavior and potential vulnerabilities, which static analysis alone might miss.

Analyzing and Modifying Android Apps in Real-time

One of Frida’s key strengths lies in its ability to interact with running applications without requiring access to source code. This real-time analysis capability offers several advantages:

• Runtime behavior observation
• On-the-fly manipulation of app functionality
• Bypassing security controls for testing purposes
• Identifying logic flaws and runtime vulnerabilities

Customizable Scripts for Advanced Testing

Frida’s scripting capabilities provide penetration testers with a powerful toolset for tailored security assessments. Using JavaScript or Python, testers can create custom scripts to:

• Automate repetitive tasks
• Implement complex testing scenarios
• Extend Frida’s functionality for specific use cases

These scripts can be used to:

• Bypass certificate pinning
• Manipulate cryptographic operations
• Extract sensitive data from memory
• Simulate complex user interactions

By leveraging Frida’s extensive API and the flexibility of custom scripts, penetration testers can conduct thorough and sophisticated security assessments of Android applications.

Frida’s combination of dynamic instrumentation, real-time analysis, and customizable scripting makes it indispensable for advanced Android vulnerability scanning. Its ability to provide deep insights into application behavior and security flaws makes it a crucial asset in any penetration tester’s toolkit.

Apktool: Reverse Engineering Android Applications

Apktool is a cornerstone in the arsenal of Android vulnerability scanning tools. It offers penetration testers powerful capabilities for reverse engineering Android applications. This versatile tool excels in decompiling and analyzing APK files, providing crucial insights into an app’s structure and potential security weaknesses.

Analyzing resources and manifest files

Apktool’s ability to decode resources to nearly original form makes it an invaluable asset for penetration testers. When examining an Android application, the tool allows for in-depth analysis of:

• XML files
• AndroidManifest.xml
• Resources.arsc
• Assets

This comprehensive view enables testers to identify potential security misconfigurations, exposed components, and other vulnerabilities that may not be apparent from the compiled APK alone.

Decompiling and recompiling APKs

One of Apktool’s most powerful features is its ability to decompile and recompile Android applications. This functionality allows penetration testers to:

• Inspect Smali code (a human-readable representation of Dalvik bytecode)
• Modify application behavior for testing purposes
• Inject code to test for specific vulnerabilities
• Repackage the application with changes for further analysis

The process of decompiling and recompiling enables testers to gain deeper insights into the app’s functionality and test various security scenarios that may not be possible through black-box testing alone.

Integration with other security tools

Apktool’s versatility extends to its ability to integrate seamlessly with other Android security tools, enhancing the overall penetration testing workflow. Some key integrations include:

• Combining with Dex2jar for Java source code analysis
• Using decompiled resources with MobSF for automated vulnerability scanning
• Integrating with Frida for dynamic instrumentation and runtime analysis
• Pairing with Burp Suite for intercepting and modifying network traffic

By leveraging Apktool in conjunction with other specialized tools, penetration testers can create a comprehensive security assessment pipeline that covers static analysis, dynamic analysis, and network security testing.

Apktool’s capabilities in reverse engineering Android applications make it an essential tool for any penetration tester focusing on mobile app security. Its ability to decode resources, decompile APKs, and integrate with other security tools provides a solid foundation for identifying and addressing vulnerabilities in Android applications.

Dex2jar: APK to Java Source Code Converter

Dex2jar is an essential tool in the arsenal of Android penetration testers, offering a powerful means to convert Android APK files into Java source code. This conversion process is crucial for in-depth security analysis and vulnerability assessment of Android applications.

Facilitating Java Code Analysis

Dex2jar transforms the Dalvik Executable (DEX) files in Android APKs into Java JAR (Java Archive) files. This conversion allows security professionals to examine the underlying Java code, providing several benefits:

• Code Readability: Java source code is more human-readable than DEX bytecode, making it easier to understand the application’s logic and identify potential vulnerabilities.
• Static Analysis: Converted Java code can be analyzed using various static analysis tools designed for Java, expanding the range of available security assessment techniques.
• Vulnerability Discovery: By exposing the application’s structure and implementation details, Dex2jar enables penetration testers to discover security flaws that might not be apparent from black-box testing alone.

Integration with Java Decompilers

Dex2jar works seamlessly with Java decompilers, forming a powerful combination for Android application analysis:

• JD-GUI: A popular Java decompiler that provides a graphical interface for viewing Java source code.
• CFR: A robust decompiler that often produces more accurate results for complex code structures.
• Procyon: Known for its ability to handle modern Java features and produce clean, readable output.

Limitations and Workarounds

While Dex2jar is a valuable tool, it’s important to be aware of its limitations:

• Incomplete Conversion: Some Android-specific code may not convert perfectly to Java, potentially leading to analysis gaps.
• Obfuscation Challenges: Heavily obfuscated APKs can result in difficult-to-read or inaccurate Java code output.
• Version Compatibility: Dex2jar may struggle with APKs compiled with the latest Android SDK versions.

To mitigate these limitations, consider the following workarounds:

• Use multiple decompilers to cross-reference results and fill in gaps.
• Employ additional tools like JADX, which can sometimes handle obfuscated code more effectively.
• Combine Dex2jar with dynamic analysis tools to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the application’s behavior.

By leveraging Dex2jar with other Android vulnerability scanning tools, penetration testers can conduct thorough security assessments of Android applications, identifying potential vulnerabilities and strengthening overall mobile app security.

Conclusion

Android vulnerability scanning tools are essential for penetration testers to identify and address security weaknesses in mobile applications. The top 10 tools discussed in this blog post, including OWASP ZAP, Drozer, MobSF, Qark, AndroBugs Framework, Appie, Burp Suite Mobile Assistant, and Frida, offer a comprehensive suite of features to enhance your mobile app security testing process.

By incorporating these powerful tools into your penetration testing arsenal, you can significantly improve your ability to detect and mitigate vulnerabilities in Android applications. Stay informed about the latest developments in mobile security testing and regularly update your toolkit to ensure you’re always prepared to tackle emerging threats in the ever-evolving landscape of Android app security.

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